Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Independence, philosophy: the concept of independence is relevant in the context of the countability of events. It is thus a question of whether an event is a condition, a sequence or a side effect of an event, or whether it is to be counted as a separate event. See also epiphenomenalism, cause, effect, dependency, relations, overlap, autonomy, overlap._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Gerhard Schurz on Independence - Dictionary of Arguments
I 102 Def Probabilistic independence/Schurz: probabilistically independent are two events A, B iff. p(A u B) = p(A) times p(B) . Probabilistically dependent: iff P(A I B) is not equal to p(A). >Probability, >Conditional probability, >Subjective probability. I 151 Apparent Independence/Schurz: After initially measuring a zero correlation (or negative correlation), when a background variable XC is introduced, one then obtains a positive correlation between A and B both in the case X = C and in the case X = ~C. This can be explained by the fact that C is itself a "counter-cause" that prevents B. Example: in the USA there is no correlation between smoking and circulatory problems. Solution: smokers there do more sports. >Simpson's paradox. >Correlation, >Covariance, >Verification._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Schu I G. Schurz Einführung in die Wissenschaftstheorie Darmstadt 2006 |
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Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-27