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The author or concept searched is found in the following 6 entries.
| Disputed term/author/ism | Author |
Entry |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Equal Opportunities | Hegel | Rawls I 300 Equal Opportunity/Hegel/Rawls: Hegel believed that limitations of equal opportunities, e. g. the Primogeniture ((s) first-born successor, only the first-born receives the inheritance) were essential for securing the landowner class, which is suitable for rule. This enabled the class to fight for its independence from the state, its quest for profit and the fight against the adversities of civil society. (G. W. F. Hegel; Philosophy of Right, § 306, Oxford, 1942), p. 199. I 301 RawlsVsHegel: it is not enough to accept how Burke and Hegel did that these forms of inequality also benefited the poorer people. >Inequality, >Injustice, >Generational Justice. We would also have to accept as a condition that, by correcting these injustices, the prospects of those who are worse off would be further worsened. The argumentation that all would benefit would only apply if the lexical order of principles (processing in turn, See Principles/Rawls) were to be abolished. >Difference Principle. |
Rawl I J. Rawls A Theory of Justice: Original Edition Oxford 2005 |
| Equal Opportunities | Nussbaum | Mause I 200f Equal Opportunities/Sen/Nussbaum: The concept of realization opportunities, also called "capability-approach", which is significantly connected with the names Amartya Sen (1985)(1) and Martha Nussbaum (1999)(2), brings the question of the social conditions necessary to lead a good and fulfilled life to the fore. The approach of realising opportunities aims not only to guarantee equal opportunities, but also to actively support the individual in making the individual's life plan a reality. >Justice, >Equality. Life/Capability Approach: a fulfilled life depends on the relationship between what a person does or is and what he/she is able to do. >Life management. Functionings: are states that are appreciated by a person. Capabilities: objective possibilities, that can realize the chosen ways of life. >Capabilities. 1. Amartya Sen, Commodities and capabilities. New Delhi Oxford 1985. 2. Martha Nussbaum, Gerechtigkeit oder Das gute Leben. Frankfurt a. M. 1999 Sandra Seubert, „Martha C. Nussbaum, Women and Human Development (2000)“, in:Manfred Brocker (ed.) Geschichte des politischen Denkens. Das 20. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt/M. 2018 |
Mause I Karsten Mause Christian Müller Klaus Schubert, Politik und Wirtschaft: Ein integratives Kompendium Wiesbaden 2018 |
| Equal Opportunities | Rawls | I 65 Freedom/Equal Opportunities/Rawls: If freedom means equal opportunities, there are two options: a) equal career opportunities for gifted individuals: this is also compatible with a natural aristocracy and corresponds to a system of natural freedom. On the other hand, equal opportunities for everyone - irrespective of their talent - must be realised in a democratic equality. The third possibility is liberal equality. >Freedom, >Equality. I 66 Principle of efficiency/Rawls: simply corresponds to the Pareto optimum(1). I 67 The point is that a configuration is always efficient when it is impossible to change it without putting people (at least one person) at a disadvantage. I 83 Fair equal opportunities/procedural justice/Rawls: we must not confuse fair equal opportunities with career opportunities for gifted people. Due to the difference principle (see Difference Principle/Rawls) it differs from the Liberal interpretation. >Liberalism. I 84 It is not a question of all positions being open to everyone, but this may improve the situation of all members, even if certain groups are excluded from certain positions. However, it is now the case that the actions of those who have been dismissed are justified due to considerations of justice. They would have been deprived of one of the basic forms of human fulfillment. There is an interdependence between what people do and what they are entitled to do. As a result, the question of procedural justice comes into play. >Procedural justice/Rawls. I 87 Equal opportunities: plays the role of ensuring that procedural justice prevails in a cooperation model. 1. See V. Pareto, Manuel d’économie politique, Paris, 1909, ch. VI, §53 and appendix, §89. |
Rawl I J. Rawls A Theory of Justice: Original Edition Oxford 2005 |
| Equal Opportunities | Sen | Mause I 200f Equal Opportunities/Sen/Nussbaum: The concept of realization opportunities, also called "capability-approach", which is significantly connected with the names Amartya Sen (1985)(1) and Martha Nussbaum (1999)(2), brings the question of the social conditions necessary to lead a good and fulfilled life to the fore. The approach of realising opportunities aims not only to guarantee equal opportunities, but also to actively support the individual in making the individual's life plan a reality. Life/Capability Approach: a fulfilled life depends on the relationship between what a person does or is and what he/she is able to do. Functionings: are states that are appreciated by a person. Capabilities: objective possibilities, that can realize the chosen ways of life. >Capabilities. 1. Amartya Sen, Commodities and capabilities. New Delhi Oxford 1985. 2. Martha Nussbaum, Gerechtigkeit oder Das gute Leben. Frankfurt a. M. 1999 |
EconSen I Amartya Sen Collective Choice and Social Welfare: Expanded Edition London 2017 Mause I Karsten Mause Christian Müller Klaus Schubert, Politik und Wirtschaft: Ein integratives Kompendium Wiesbaden 2018 |
| Equal Opportunities | Pettit | Brocker I 854 Equal Opportunities/Pettit: Pettit emphasizes the primal equality of all individuals, to whose protection the political sphere and the interventions of the state must contribute.(1) For Pettit, this does not mean that all individuals should be treated equally. On the contrary: unfavorable starting positions Brocker I 855 and lack of equal opportunities must be compensated as far as possible. This can also include deep interference in the unimpeded material self-development of particularly privileged citizens, i.e. making group-specific restrictions on freedom necessary. Equality does not mean individual freedom of choice in every respect. (PettitVsLiberalism.) >Liberalism. 1. Philip Pettit, Republicanism. A Theory of Freedom and Government, Oxford 1997, S. 110f Emanuel Richter, „Philip Pettit, Republicanism“, in: Manfred Brocker (Hg.) Geschichte des politischen Denkens. Das 20. Jahrhundert. Frankfurt/M. 2018 |
Pett I Ph. Pettit Just Freedom: A Moral Compass for a Complex World New York 2014 Brocker I Manfred Brocker Geschichte des politischen Denkens. Das 20. Jahrhundert Frankfurt/M. 2018 |
| Equal Opportunities | Welfare Economics | Gaus I 215 Equal opportunities/welfare economics/Moon: Fair equality of opportunity requires not only that there be no 'arbitrary' barriers to the life choices one may make, such as restrictions on occupational or educational opportunity based on race or gender, but that everyone has access to the resources and experiences necessary to qualify for the different positions and careers that exist in society. Institutions: arguably, fair equality of opportunity supports not only a social minimum state, but an institutional welfare state, in which education, including perhaps early childhood education, and medical care are provided on a common basis for all. Problems: but, like welfare rights generally, the requirements of fair equality of opportunity cannot be specified except in specific social contexts; the kind Gaus I 216 of educational opportunities necessary in a largely agrarian society, to take an obvious example, are very different from those required in a postindustrial setting. (...) it is necessary to make trade- offs between equal opportunity and other values, such as the privacy and autonomy of families. >Citizenship/Welfare economics, >Welfare state/Political Philosophy. Moon, J. Donald 2004. „The Political Theory of the Welfare State“. In: Gaus, Gerald F. & Kukathas, Chandran 2004. Handbook of Political Theory. SAGE Publications |
Gaus I Gerald F. Gaus Chandran Kukathas Handbook of Political Theory London 2004 |
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