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Natural resources: Natural resources in economics are raw materials or substances obtained from the environment that hold economic value. They include renewable resources like water, forests, and wind energy, as well as non-renewable resources such as minerals, fossil fuels, and metals.
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Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments.

 
Author Concept Summary/Quotes Sources

Libertarianism on Natural Resources - Dictionary of Arguments

Gaus I 228
Natural Resources/Libertarianism/minimal state/Lamont: Nozick(1) tried unsuccessful to
Gaus I 229
justify the acquisition of natural resources with a version of the 'first come, first served' principle. Such principles, whereby people can acquire unequal natural resources to the detriment of, and against the will of, others, including future generations, are implausible for determining the use of natural resources.
The issue of how to solve this problem continues to be a fertile area for research and has been the source of a resurgence in 'left libertarianism' with its emphasis on material guarantees for the disadvantaged (Cohen, 1995(2); Reeve and Williams, 2003(3); Steiner, 1994(4); Steiner and Vallentyne, 2000a(5); 2000b(6); Van Parijs, 1995(7)), but the most plausible suggestions regarding ownership of natural resources appear unlikely to yield the minimal state political systems normally associated with libertarianism. >Distributive Justice/Libertarianism
, >Libertarianism/Political Philosophy.


1. Nozick, Robert (1974) Anarchy, State and Utopia. New York: Basic.
2. Cohen, G. A. (1995) Self-Ownership, Freedom, and Equality. New York: Cambridge University Press.
3. Reeve, Andrew and Andrew Williams, eds (2003) Real Libertarianism Assessed: Political Theory after Van Parijs. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
4. Steiner, Hillel (1994) An Essay on Rights. Oxford: Blackwell.
5. Steiner, Hillel and Peter Vallentyne, eds (2000a) Left-Libertarianism and Its Critics: The Contemporary Debate. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
6. Steiner, Hillel and Peter Vallentyne, eds (2000b) The Origins of Left-Libertarianism: An Anthology of Historical Writings. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
7. Van Parijs, Philippe (1995) Real FreedomforA11: What (If Anything) Can Justify Capitalism? Oxford: Oxford University Press.


Lamont, Julian 2004. „Distributive Justice“. In: Gaus, Gerald F. & Kukathas, Chandran 2004. Handbook of Political Theory. SAGE Publications

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Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments
The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition.
Libertarianism
Gaus I
Gerald F. Gaus
Chandran Kukathas
Handbook of Political Theory London 2004


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