Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Temperament: Temperament in psychology refers to innate, enduring traits that influence an individual's emotional and behavioral tendencies. It encompasses mood, activity level, rhythmicity, tendency for approach or withdrawal, and adaptability, often observed from early childhood. See also Personality traits, Personality. _____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Mary K. Rothbart on Temperament - Dictionary of Arguments
Corr I 177 Def Temperament/personality/Rothbart: Temperament and personality represent two distinct but interrelated approaches to studying individuality. We have defined temperament as constitutionally based individual differences in emotional, motor and attentional reactivity and self-regulation, showing consistency across situations and relative stability over time (Rothbart and Derryberry 1981)(1). Def constitutional/Rothbart: The term ‘constitutional’ refers to links between temperament and biology. Def ‘reactivity:’ refers to the latency, rise time, intensity and duration of the person’s responsiveness to stimulation. Def ‘self-regulation’: refers to processes that serve to modulate reactivity; these include behavioural approach, withdrawal, inhibition and executive or effortful attention. >Personality/ Rutter. Corr I 180 In factor analytic studies of parent-reported temperament in childhood, three to four broad factors are frequently found (Rothbart and Bates 1998)(2). The first of these is Surgency or Extraversion, which includes activity level, sociability, impulsivity and enjoyment of high intensity pleasure. The second is Negative Affectivity, including fear, anger/frustration, discomfort and sadness, and the third is Effortful Control, including attentional focusing and shifting, inhibitory control, perceptual sensitivity and low intensity pleasure. >Temperament/Psychological theories. (…) the structures emerging from temperament research (using basic psychological processes of affect, arousal and attention) and from personality research (using a lexical or personality scale analysis) are closely related (Evans and Rothbart 2007)(3). 1. Rothbart, M. K. and Derryberry, D. 1981. Development of individual differences in temperament, in M. E. Lamb and A. L. Brown (eds.), Advances in developmental psychology, vol. I, pp. 37–86. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum 2. Rothbart, M. K. and Bates, J. E. 1998. Temperament, in W. Damon (Series ed.) and N. Eisenberg (Vol. ed.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. III, Social, emotional, and personality development, 5th edn, pp. 105–76. New York: Wiley 3. Evans, D. and Rothbart, M. K. 2007. Developing a model for adult temperament, Journal of Research in Personality 41: 868–8 Mary K. Rothbart, Brad E. Sheese and Elisabeth D. Conradt, “Childhood temperament” in: Corr, Ph. J. & Matthews, G. (eds.) 2009. The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology. New York: Cambridge University Press_____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Rothbart, Mary K. Corr I Philip J. Corr Gerald Matthews The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology New York 2009 Corr II Philip J. Corr (Ed.) Personality and Individual Differences - Revisiting the classical studies Singapore, Washington DC, Melbourne 2018 |
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Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-26