Dictionary of Arguments
Philosophy Lexicon

Ancient Philosophy Braithwaite, Richard B. Dworkin, Ronald Epicurus Gadamer, Hans-Georg Habermas, Jürgen Hartmann, Nicolai Jonas, Hans Leibniz, G.W. Nagel, Ernest Rawls, John Wiener, Norbert Wright, Georg Henrik von

Temperament

Ancient Philosophy

Temporality

Gadamer, Hans-Georg

Term Scope

Carnap, Rudolf Frege, Gottlob Tarski, Alfred

Terminology

Adorno, Th.W. Agamben, Giorgio Austin, J.L. Avramides, Anita Barber, Benjamin Barthes, Roland Baudrillard, Jean Beck, Ulrich Benjamin, Walter Bigelow, John Block, Ned Boer, Steven E. Bostrom, Nick Brandom, Robert Carnap, Rudolf Cartwright, Nancy Castaneda, Hector-Neri Chalmers, David Chisholm, Roderick Chomsky, Noam Cresswell, Maxwell J. Davidson, Donald Dawkins, Richard Dennett, Daniel Derrida, Jacques Durkheim, Émile Epicurus Esfeld, Michael Evans, Gareth Feyerabend, Paul Field, Hartry Flusser, Vilém Fodor, Jerry Foucault, Michel Fraassen, Bas van Frege, Gottlob Freud, Sigmund Gadamer, Hans-Georg Geach, Peter Goodman, Nelson Gould, Stephen Jay Grice, H. Paul Grover, D. L. Habermas, Jürgen Hegel, G.W.F. Heidegger, Martin Hempel, Carl Hilbert, David Hintikka, Jaakko Hume, David Huntington, Samuel P. Husserl, Edmund Jackson, Frank James, William Jonas, Hans Kamp, Hans Kant, Immanuel Kauffman, Stuart Kelly, Kevin Klein, Naomi Kripke, Saul A. Kuhn, Thomas S. Lacan, Jacques Lanier, Jaron Leibniz, G.W. Lewis, David K. Lycan, William Lyons, John Marx, Karl Mayr, Ernst McDowell, John McGinn, Colin Meixner, Uwe Millikan, Ruth Minsky, Marvin Monod, Jacques Montague, Richard Nietzsche, Friedrich Norvig, Peter Nozick, Robert Nussbaum, Martha Ortega y Gasset, José Pareto, Vilfredo Parsons, Talcott Proust, Joelle Putnam, Hilary Rawls, John Russell, Stuart J. Russell, Bertrand Ryle, Gilbert Sandel, Michael Saussure, Ferdinand de Searle, John R. Sellars, Wilfrid Sen, Amartya Simons, Peter M. Spengler, Oswald Stalnaker, Robert Strawson, Peter F. Tarski, Alfred Thiel, Christian Tugendhat, E. Virilio, Paul Vollmer, Gerhard Vygotsky, Lev S. Weber, Max Weizenbaum, Joseph Wessel, H. Wilson, Edward O. Wright, Georg Henrik von Wright, Crispin

Terms

Cresswell, Maxwell J. Geach, Peter Kripke, Saul A. Mates, Benson Searle, John R. Strawson, Peter F.

Text Classification

AI Research

Texts

Adorno, Th.W. Barthes, Roland Benjamin, Walter Dilthey, Wilhelm Flusser, Vilém Foucault, Michel Gadamer, Hans-Georg Habermas, Jürgen Lakatos, Imre Valéry, Paul

That

Cresswell, Maxwell J.

That-Clauses

Cresswell, Maxwell J. Field, Hartry Frege, Gottlob Meixner, Uwe Millikan, Ruth Schiffer, Stephen

Theodicy

Habermas, Jürgen Weber, Max

Theological Hermeneutics

Bultmann, Rudolf Gadamer, Hans-Georg

Theology

Barth, Karl Benjamin, Walter Spinoza, Baruch

Theoretical Entities

Cartwright, Nancy Craig, William Lane Field, Hartry Fraassen, Bas van Lewis, David K. Ramsey, Frank Plumpton Sellars, Wilfrid

Theoretical Terms

Fodor, Jerry Fraassen, Bas van Genz, Hennig Lewis, David K. Peacocke, Christopher Putnam, Hilary Quine, W.V.O. Ryle, Gilbert Schiffer, Stephen Schurz, Gerhard Sellars, Wilfrid Sneed, Joseph D.

Theories

Ancient Philosophy Aristotle Ayers, Michael Bacon, Francis Barrow, John D. Baudrillard, Jean Boyd, Richard Brandom, Robert Bubner, Rüdiger Cartwright, Nancy Chalmers, David Cresswell, Maxwell J. Davidson, Donald Deleuze, Gilles Deutsch, David Donnellan, Keith Duhem, Pierre Dummett, Michael E. Easton, David Feyerabend, Paul Field, Hartry Flusser, Vilém Fodor, Jerry Fraassen, Bas van Gärdenfors, Peter Geach, Peter Genz, Hennig Goodman, Nelson Gould, Stephen Jay Hacking, Ian James, William Kanitscheider, Bernulf Kauffman, Stuart Kosslyn, Stephen M. Kuhn, Thomas S. Lakatos, Imre Lamont, Julian Leeds, Stephen Leibniz, G.W. Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich Lewis, David K. Luhmann, Niklas Lyotard, Jean-Francois Mates, Benson Mayr, Ernst McDowell, John McGinn, Colin Mill, John Stuart Millikan, Ruth Nagel, Thomas Nozick, Robert Parsons, Talcott Peacocke, Christopher Pinker, Steven Pomerantz, James R. Popper, Karl Poundstone, W. Putnam, Hilary Quine, W.V.O. Rawls, John Rorty, Richard Ryle, Gilbert Schurz, Gerhard Searle, John R. Sellars, Wilfrid Sneed, Joseph D. Suppes, Patrick Tarski, Alfred Thiel, Christian Weinberger, David Weizenbaum, Joseph Wittgenstein, Ludwig Woods, Michael Wright, Crispin

Theory Dependency

Schurz, Gerhard

Theory of Mind

Dennett, Daniel

Theory of Relativity

Bergson, Henri Feyerabend, Paul Feynman, Richard Latour, Bruno

There is (/Existence)

Boer, Steven E. d’Abro, A. Field, Hartry Meinong, Alexius Meixner, Uwe Millikan, Ruth

Thing in itself

Gadamer, Hans-Georg Husserl, Edmund Kant, Immanuel Nietzsche, Friedrich Rorty, Richard Schopenhauer, Arthur Searle, John R. Vaihinger, Hans

Thinking

Adorno, Th.W. Anscombe, G. E. M. Arendt, Hannah Armstrong, David M. Avramides, Anita Black, Max Block, Ned Brandom, Robert Brentano, Franz Bubner, Rüdiger Burge, Tyler Castaneda, Hector-Neri Chisholm, Roderick Chomsky, Noam Danto, Arthur C. Davidson, Donald Dennett, Daniel Descartes, R. Deutsch, David Dewey, John Dummett, Michael E. Dupré, John Evans, Gareth Foucault, Michel Gadamer, Hans-Georg Gärdenfors, Peter Hegel, G.W.F. Heidegger, Martin Hume, David Humphrey, Nicholas Husserl, Edmund Idealism James, William Kant, Immanuel Leibniz, G.W. Lewis, David K. Locke, John Maturana, Humberto Millikan, Ruth Minsky, Marvin Nagel, Thomas Nietzsche, Friedrich Parmenides Peacocke, Christopher Peirce, Charles Sanders Piaget, Jean Pinker, Steven Plato Postman, Neil Prior, Arthur N. Reid, Thomas Ryle, Gilbert Saussure, Ferdinand de Searle, John R. Sellars, Wilfrid Simon, Herbert A. Strawson, Peter F. Surowiecki, James Thomas Aquinas Tomasello, Michael Trinitarian Doctrine Whitehead, Alfred North Wittgenstein, Ludwig

Thomas

Höffe, Otfried

Thomas More

Höffe, Otfried

Thought Experiments

Bigelow, John Duhem, Pierre

Thoughts

Brandom, Robert Danto, Arthur C. Davidson, Donald Dummett, Michael E. Evans, Gareth Frege, Gottlob Logic Texts Malcolm, Norman McGinn, Colin Millikan, Ruth Minsky, Marvin Nagel, Thomas Peacocke, Christopher Perry, John Prior, Arthur N. Russell, Bertrand Wittgenstein, Ludwig Wright, Crispin

Thrasymachus

Taureck, B. H. F.

Thrownness

Heidegger, Martin

Tidal Force

Kanitscheider, Bernulf

Time

Aristotle Barrow, John D. Bateson, Gregory Benjamin, Walter Bigelow, John Chisholm, Roderick Dennett, Daniel Deutsch, David Dummett, Michael E. Feynman, Richard Flusser, Vilém Foucault, Michel Geach, Peter Genz, Hennig Gould, Stephen Jay Heidegger, Martin Hume, David Husserl, Edmund Hutton, James Kanitscheider, Bernulf Kant, Immanuel Lacan, Jacques Leibniz, G.W. Lewis, David K. Locke, John Luhmann, Niklas McTaggart, J.E.M. Millikan, Ruth Mumford, Lewis Newton, Isaac Peacocke, Christopher Poundstone, W. Russell, Bertrand Simons, Peter M. Thorne, Kip Vollmer, Gerhard Waismann, Friedrich Wessel, H. Wittgenstein, Ludwig Woods, Michael

Time Preference

Rawls, John Sen, Amartya Sidgwick, Henry

Time Reversal

Baudrillard, Jean Feynman, Richard Genz, Hennig Sokal, Alan

Time Travel

Genz, Hennig Gribbin, John Kanitscheider, Bernulf Lewis, David K. Vollmer, Gerhard

Time-Consciousness

Husserl, Edmund

Timelessness

Frege, Gottlob Lewis, David K. Quine, W.V.O. Schiffer, Stephen Woods, Michael

Token-Physicalism

Fodor, Jerry

Toleration

Gould, Stephen Jay Locke, John Rawls, John Rousseau, J.-J.

Tolstoy

Spengler, Oswald

Totalitarianism

Agamben, Giorgio Barber, Benjamin

Totality

Adorno, Th.W. Ancient Philosophy Dewey, John Inwagen, Peter van Leibniz, G.W.

Trade

Kant, Immanuel

Trade Policies

Rawls, John

Tradition

Burke, Edmund Gadamer, Hans-Georg Habermas, Jürgen Romanticism

Tragedy

Ancient Philosophy Aristotle Gadamer, Hans-Georg Kierkegaard, Sören

Transcendence

Existentialism

Transcendentals

Burge, Tyler Evans, Gareth Fodor, Jerry Kant, Immanuel Nietzsche, Friedrich

Transformational Grammar

Chomsky, Noam Lewis, David K. Lyons, John Strawson, Peter F.

Transitivity

Gärdenfors, Peter Geach, Peter

Translation

Benjamin, Walter Carnap, Rudolf Churchland, Paul Davidson, Donald Deacon, Terrence W. Dennett, Daniel Derrida, Jacques Duhem, Pierre Dummett, Michael E. Field, Hartry Flusser, Vilém Frith, Chris Gadamer, Hans-Georg Grover, D. L. Heidegger, Martin Kuhn, Thomas S. Lewis, David K. Mates, Benson Mayer-Schönberger, Viktor Millikan, Ruth Minsky, Marvin Poundstone, W. Putnam, Hilary Quine, W.V.O. Rorty, Richard Saussure, Ferdinand de Schiffer, Stephen Searle, John R. Sellars, Wilfrid Vendler, Zeno

Translation Holism

Fodor, Jerry

Trial and Error

Minsky, Marvin

Triangulation

Davidson, Donald Gärdenfors, Peter

Trinity

Gadamer, Hans-Georg Thomas Aquinas

Trolley Problem

Church, George M.

Trust

Easton, David Habermas, Jürgen Rawls, John

Truth

Adorno, Th.W. Austin, J.L. Ayer, Alfred Jules Barber, Benjamin Baudrillard, Jean Bigelow, John Brandom, Robert Carnap, Rudolf Cartwright, R. Cartwright, Nancy Cresswell, Maxwell J. Danto, Arthur C. Davidson, Donald Descartes, R. Dewey, John Duhem, Pierre Dummett, Michael E. Epicurus Esfeld, Michael Feyerabend, Paul Field, Hartry Foster, J.A. Frege, Gottlob Frith, Chris Gadamer, Hans-Georg Geach, Peter Goodman, Nelson Grover, D. L. Habermas, Jürgen Hacking, Ian Harman, Gilbert Heidegger, Martin Hilbert, David Hobbes, Thomas Horwich, Paul James, William Kant, Immanuel Kripke, Saul A. Kuhn, Thomas S. Lacan, Jacques Leeds, Stephen Leibniz, G.W. Lewis, David K. Locke, John Logic Texts Lorenzen, Paul Luhmann, Niklas Maturana, Humberto Meixner, Uwe Moore, George Edward Nagel, Thomas Nietzsche, Friedrich Peacocke, Christopher Peirce, Charles Sanders Plato Postmodernism Prior, Arthur N. Putnam, Hilary Quine, W.V.O. Ramsey, Frank Plumpton Rescher, Nicholas Rorty, Richard Russell, Bertrand Searle, John R. Seel, Martin Sellars, Wilfrid Soames, Scott Strawson, Peter F. Tarski, Alfred Thomas Aquinas Tugendhat, E. Vico, Giambattista Waismann, Friedrich Wessel, H. Williams, Michael Wittgenstein, Ludwig Wright, Crispin

Truth Conditions

Brandom, Robert Davidson, Donald Dummett, Michael E. Evans, Gareth Field, Hartry Foster, J.A. Horwich, Paul Lewis, David K. Logic Texts Nozick, Robert Perry, John Putnam, Hilary Rescher, Nicholas Schiffer, Stephen Searle, John R. Stalnaker, Robert Tarski, Alfred Tugendhat, E. Wittgenstein, Ludwig Wright, Crispin

Truth Content

Adorno, Th.W.

Truth Definition

Black, Max Chisholm, Roderick Davidson, Donald Foster, J.A. Frege, Gottlob Geach, Peter Logic Texts Putnam, Hilary Schiffer, Stephen Stalnaker, Robert Tarski, Alfred Tugendhat, E.

Truth Functions

Chomsky, Noam Cohen, Laurence Jonathan Cresswell, Maxwell J. Fodor, Jerry Geach, Peter Lewis, David K. Lukasiewicz, Jan Quine, W.V.O. Rorty, Richard Tugendhat, E.

Truth Maintenance

AI Research

Truth of Art

Gadamer, Hans-Georg Hegel, G.W.F. Idealism Kant, Immanuel Schiller, Friedrich

Truth Predicate

Austin, J.L. Cresswell, Maxwell J. Davidson, Donald Dummett, Michael E. Field, Hartry Foster, J.A. Grover, D. L. Kripke, Saul A. Logic Texts Putnam, Hilary Quine, W.V.O. Rorty, Richard Soames, Scott Tarski, Alfred Thomson, James F. Wright, Crispin

Truth Tables

Quine, W.V.O. Tarski, Alfred Wittgenstein, Ludwig

Truth Theory

Burge, Tyler Davidson, Donald Dummett, Michael E. Field, Hartry Fodor, Jerry Foster, J.A. Peacocke, Christopher Putnam, Hilary Schurz, Gerhard Soames, Scott Tarski, Alfred Wittgenstein, Ludwig

Truth Value Agglomeration

Field, Hartry

Truth Value Gaps

Field, Hartry Quine, W.V.O. Strawson, Peter F. Wessel, H.

Truth Values

Dummett, Michael E. Frege, Gottlob McDowell, John Peacocke, Christopher Prior, Arthur N. Quine, W.V.O. Schiffer, Stephen Tugendhat, E. Wright, Crispin

Truth-Based Semantics

Habermas, Jürgen

Truthconditional Semantics

Cresswell, Maxwell J. Davidson, Donald Dummett, Michael E. Stalnaker, Robert Strawson, Peter F.

Truthfulness

Habermas, Jürgen

Truthmakers

Armstrong, David M. Austin, J.L. Bolzano, Bernard Brandom, Robert Chisholm, Roderick Davidson, Donald Dummett, Michael E. Evans, Gareth Lewis, David K. Martin, Charles B. Place, Ullin Thomas Quine, W.V.O. Rorty, Richard Simons, Peter M. Strawson, Peter F. Wittgenstein, Ludwig

Turing-Machine

Dennett, Daniel Genz, Hennig Putnam, Hilary Searle, John R.

Turing-Test

Dennett, Daniel Lanier, Jaron McGinn, Colin Searle, John R. Weizenbaum, Joseph Wolfram, Stephen

Twin Earth

Block, Ned Brandom, Robert Burge, Tyler Chalmers, David Davidson, Donald Dennett, Daniel Esfeld, Michael Evans, Gareth Kaplan, David B. Monod, Jacques Poundstone, W. Putnam, Hilary Schiffer, Stephen Searle, John R.

Two Dogmas

Brandom, Robert Davidson, Donald Dummett, Michael E. Esfeld, Michael Fodor, Jerry McDowell, John Millikan, Ruth Quine, W.V.O. Rorty, Richard Sellars, Wilfrid

Two Omniscient Gods

Castaneda, Hector-Neri Cresswell, Maxwell J. Lewis, David K. Perry, John Stalnaker, Robert

Twodimensional Semantics

Jackson, Frank Kaplan, David B. Lewis, David K. Stalnaker, Robert

Type /Token Identity

Burge, Tyler Field, Hartry Pauen, Michael

Type Theory

Bateson, Gregory Brandom, Robert Carnap, Rudolf Prior, Arthur N. Quine, W.V.O. Russell, Bertrand Thiel, Christian

Type/Token

Castaneda, Hector-Neri Logic Texts Meixner, Uwe Millikan, Ruth Simons, Peter M.

Tyranny