Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Dissonance theory: Dissonance theory in psychology, proposed by Leon Festinger, posits that individuals strive for internal consistency and experience discomfort (cognitive dissonance) when faced with conflicting beliefs or attitudes. This discomfort motivates efforts to resolve the inconsistency, often through attitude change or rationalization, to restore a sense of harmony in one's cognitive processes. See also Cognitive dissonance, L. Festinger._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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Psychological Theories on Dissonance Theory - Dictionary of Arguments
Haslam I 53 Dissonance theory/psychological theories: Aronson and Mills (1959)(1) systematically varied how onerous an initiation process was in order to join a group. They predicted and found that people liked the group better the more they suffered to join it. In later research, Aronson and Carlsmith (1962)(2) showed that the effects of threats and punishments offered to children for refraining from behaving in a desired activity were also governed by the same dissonance rules. When children were warned not to play with an attractive toy and did not play with this toy, they showed more permanent attitude change by devaluing the attractive toy if they received a lower rather than higher threat. The higher the threat, the less effective was the threat on their attitudes. These studies focused on hedonic rewards and reinforcements to make dissonance theory predictions that seemed to defy common wisdom and the reinforcement notions that underlay them. >Cognitive Dissonance/Festinger. VsDissonance theory: Some flaws in the dissonance theory were found by Chapanis and Chapanis 1964(3) and Rosenberg 1965(4). The theory has been restored and broadened by Linder et al. (1967)(5). >Cognitive Dissonance/psychological theories, >Group behavior, >Groupthink, >Group cohesion. 1. Aronson, E. and Mills, J. (1959) ‘The effect of severity of initiation on liking for a group’, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59: 177–81. 2. Aronson, E. and Carlsmith, J.M. (1962) ‘The effect of the severity of threat on the devaluation of forbidden behavior’, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66: 584–8. 3. Chapanis, N.P. and Chapanis, A. (1964) ‘Cognitive dissonance’, Psychological Bulletin, 61: 1–22. 4 Rosenberg, M.J. (1965) ‘When dissonance fails: On eliminating evaluation apprehension from attitude measurement’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1: 28–42. 5. Linder, D.E., Cooper, J. and Jones, E.E. (1967) ‘Decision freedom as a determinant of the role of incentive magnitude in attitude change’, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 6: 245–54. Joel Cooper, “Cognitive Dissonance. Revisiting Festinger’s End of the World study”, in: Joanne R. Smith and S. Alexander Haslam (eds.) 2017. Social Psychology. Revisiting the Classic Studies. London: Sage Publications_____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Psychological Theories Haslam I S. Alexander Haslam Joanne R. Smith Social Psychology. Revisiting the Classic Studies London 2017 |
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Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-27