Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
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| Objects (materal things): Material things are objects that exist in the physical world. They are made up of matter and have spatial and temporal properties. Material things are often contrasted with immaterial things, such as minds and spirits. See also Space, Space time, Matter, Individuation, Identification, Reference, Singular terms, General terms._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
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AI Research on Objects (Material Things) - Dictionary of Arguments
Norvig I 449 Objects/AI research/Norvig/Russell: Physical objects can be viewed as generalized events, in the sense that a physical object is a chunk of space–time. For example, USA can be thought of as an event that began in, say, 1776 as a union of 13 states and is still in progress today as a union of 50. We can describe the changing properties of USA using state fluents, such as Population(USA). A property of the USA that changes every four or eight years, barring mishaps, is its president. One might propose that president(USA) is a logical term that denotes a different object at different times. Unfortunately, this is not possible, because a term denotes exactly one object in a given model structure. (The term President(USA, t) can denote different objects, depending on the value of t, but our ontology keeps time indices separate from fluents.) ((s) Cf. >Four dimensionalism/Philosophical theories). Norvig I 450 Solution: only possibility is that President(USA) denotes a single object that consists of different people at different times. >Beliefs/AI research, >Objects of thought/Philosophical theories, >Objects of belief/Philosophical theories, >Description logic/AI research._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
AI Research Norvig I Peter Norvig Stuart J. Russell Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach Upper Saddle River, NJ 2010 |
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Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-27